The apostrophe + s = ‘s shows possession and belonging.

It is more common in English to write or say “Mario’s car” than to write or say “the car of Mario.”

Add -‘s

– to singular nouns:
The tutor’s schedule is really full.

– to plural nouns that don’t end in -s:
The women’s volleyball team is having a winning season.

 – to people’s names that end in -s:
James’s new plan is to become a veterinarian.

Add only the apostrophe (‘)

– to plural nouns that already end in -s,.
My two cats’ bed is in the corner.

 – to classical/religious names that already end in -s.
Sophocles’ plays are always studied at classical highschools.


No noun necessary

Sometimes you do not need to mention the thing that someone has if the meaning is clear.
My bike is newer than Marco’s.

Possessive adjectives

my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their

Possessive pronouns

mine
yours
his
hers
ours
yours
theirs

A possessive adjective describes a noun; a possessive pronoun replaces a noun.

Please give me my jacket. Please give me mine.
Your performance won. The winning performance was yours.
That is his dog. The dog is his.
That is her kitten. The kitten is hers.
This is our reserved VIP table. The VIP table is ours.
Class, this is your chance. The chance is yours.
Their car is parked outside. The car is theirs.

That is my text; it is not yours. I saw your reaction; it was very different from mine.